Impact of putrescine foliar therapy on annual Gypsophila (Gypsophila elegance) growth and blooming

Abstract

Originally from Eastern Europe, Gypsophila (Gypsophila elegance L.), a member of the Caryophyllaceae family, is currently
planted all over the globe in both protected and open fields (Poornima et al. 2021). The Greek words gypsos, which means
gypsum, and philios, which means loving, are the roots of the term gypsophila, which describes flowers that bloom on soil
rich in gypsum. In floristry, it is prized as a cut flower that may be used as a filler in both dry flower arrangements and
bouquets. Polyamines (PAs) are regarded as a novel kind of plant biostimulant and play significant roles in a variety of plant
growth and developmental processes as well as environmental stress responses. With the advancement of molecular
biotechnology methods, there is growing evidence that PAs may improve plant growth, productivity, and stress tolerance
whether they are created endogenously by genetic engineering or administered exogenously. The polyamines route begins
with putrescine (Put), which is the most prevalent PA in higher plants. There are two primary mechanisms for its synthesis
(from ornithine and arginine), however a third pathway from citrulline was recently discovered in sesame plants (Chen et al.
2019). There is compelling evidence that Put may be important for plant growth and development as well as tolerance
responses to the main stressors impacting agricultural productivity. It interacts with a variety of chemicals, including gas
molecules and phytohormones, in addition to being a signal molecule on its own (Anwar et al. 2015). In this study, we sought
to understand putrescine's beneficial effects on annual flower gypsophila plant development and blossoming. The study's
objectives were to determine how putrescine (Put) affects plant response and to provide the groundwork for future
investigations into the mechanism of action of PAs in annual flower crop growth and development, given the growing need
and potential for annual flower crops.